Relación entre características antropométricas, autopercepción del índice de masa corporal, condición física y hábitos alimentarios en estudiantes universitarios de salud y educación

Introducción: La etapa universitaria es un período de modificación en los estilos de vida. Los estudiantes de carreras de pedagogía y de la salud, adicionalmente, asumirán un rol de guías y modelos respecto a conductas saludables hacia sus estudiantes y pacientes respectivamente. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre las características antropométricas, la autopercepción del índice de masa corporal (IMC), la condición física y los hábitos alimentarios en estudiantes universitarios de carreras de pedagogía y de la salud. Materiales y método: Estudio descriptivo y correlacional. La muestra fue conformada por 158 estudiantes universitarios (edad, 22,5±2,5 años). Se evaluó las características antropométricas, autopercepción del IMC, condición física y hábitos alimentarios. Resultados: El IMC se correlacionó positivamente con el IMC percibido (r= 0.46, p= 0.012). El perímetro de cintura se correlacionó positivamente con el IMC percibido y la fuerza de prensión manual. El porcentaje de grasa corporal se correlacionó positivamente con el IMC percibido y negativamente con la condición física (potencia, prensión manual y flexibilidad). El área muscular del brazo se correlacionó con el IMC percibido, puntaje de IMC percibido y condición física. Los hábitos alimentarios presentaron una correlación negativa con el IMC percibido, pero no así con las características antropométricas. Conclusión: Los estudiantes universitarios de las carreras de salud y educación con mejor características antropométricas (menor IMC, perímetro de cintura y porcentaje de grasa y mayor área muscular del brazo), presentan una autopercepción mayor del IMC y un mejor rendimiento en las pruebas de condición física.

Introduction: The university stage is a period of modification in lifestyles. Pedagogy and health career students, additionally, will assume the role of guides and models regarding healthy behaviours towards their students and patients, respectively. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between anthropometric characteristics, self-perception of body mass index (BMI), physical condition and eating habits among pedagogy and health career university students. Materials and method: Descriptive and correlational study. The sample consisted of 158 university students (age 22.5 ± 2.5 years). Anthropometric characteristics, self-perception of BMI, physical condition and eating habits were evaluated. Results: BMI was positively correlated with perceived BMI (r= 0.46, p= 0.012). Waist circumference was positively correlated with perceived BMI and handgrip strength. The percentage of body fat was positively correlated with the perceived BMI and negatively with the physical condition (power, handgrip and flexibility). Arm muscle area was correlated with perceived BMI, perceived BMI score, and physical condition. Eating habits were negatively correlated with perceived BMI but not with anthropometric characteristics. Conclusion: University students from health and education careers with better anthropometric characteristics (lower BMI, waist circumference and fat percentage, and greater muscle area of the arm), have a higher self-perception of BMI and better performance in fitness tests physical.

Variables predictoras de la calidad de vida durante la pandemia de Covid-19 en adultos latinoamericanos

Objetivo: Evaluar las variables predictoras de la calidad de vida en población adulta latinoamericana en situación de pandemia durante la cuarentena por COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, trasversal. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 3101 habitantes adultos de Chile, Colombia, México y Perú. Los factores que aumentaron la probabilidad de tener una baja calidad de vida se identificaron mediante un análisis de regresión logística. Estos análisis fueron ajustados por estado nutricional, edad y procedencia geográfica. Resultados: Ser de género femenino (OR=1.73; p=0.001), físicamente inactivo/a (OR=1.85; p=0.001), consumir tabaco (OR=1.29; p=0,026), alcohol (OR=1.31; p=0,002) y comida chatarra (OR=2.04; p=0,001) aumentaron la probabilidad de tener una disminución en la dimensión salud general de la calidad de vida durante una cuarentena por Covid-19. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos en este estudio confirman la necesidad de promover hábitos y estilos de vida saludables en la población durante las cuarentenas en una pandemia como, por ejemplo, una dieta sana, practicar actividad física y evitar estar mucho tiempo sentado.

Objective: To evaluate the predictive variables of the quality of life in the Latin American adult population in a pandemic situation during the Covid-19 quarantine. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. The population was composed of 3,101 adult inhabitants of Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. Factors that increased the likelihood of poor quality of life were identified using logistic regression analysis. These analyzes were adjusted for nutritional status, age, and geographic origin. Results: Being female (OR=1.73; p=0.001), physically inactive (OR=1.85; p=0.001), consuming tobacco (OR=1.29; p=0.026), alcohol (OR=1.31; p=0.002) and junk food (OR=2.04; p=0.001) increased the probability of having a decrease in the general health dimension of quality of life during a Covid-19 quarantine. Conclusions: The findings in this study confirm the need to promote healthy habits and lifestyles in the population during quarantines in a pandemic, such as a healthy diet, practicing physical activity and avoiding prolonged sitting.

Escolares participantes y no participantes de un programa de integración escolar de un establecimiento educacional público de la provincia del Biobío (Chile) presentan un similar estado nutricional, condición física y rendimiento académico

Introducción: Existe amplia evidencia sobre escolares chilenos con altos niveles de sobrepeso-obesidad, bajo nivel de actividad física y de condición física. Sin embargo, existe escasa evidencia que compare el estado nutricional, actividad física y condición física entre escolares participantes y no participantes de un programa de integración escolar. Objetivo: Analizar diferencias en el estado nutricional, la condición física y el rendimiento escolar entre escolares de tercero a quinto año básico participantes y no participantes de un programa de integración escolar de un establecimiento educacional público de la provincia del Biobío (Chile). Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y correlacional. se analizó una muestra por conveniencia de 107 escolares. Se midió el estado nutricional, la condición física. Además, para evaluar el rendimiento escolar se obtuvieron los promedios de notas de Lenguaje y matemáticas. Resultados: Se reportó una prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad ligeramente superiores a valores de referencia nacional. No existieron diferencias significativas entre el estado nutricional, condición física y rendimiento académico para los escolares participantes y no participantes del programa de integración escolar. Adicionalmente, los escolares con mayor índice de masa corporal tenían un promedio más bajo en la asignatura de Lenguaje y Comunicación. Conclusiones: La similitud en los niveles de estado nutricional, condición física y rendimiento escolar, así como la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad asociada a un bajo rendimiento académico, debe tenerse en cuenta al momento de diseñar e implementar campañas de promoción de actividad física en escolares

Introduction: There is ample evidence on Chilean schoolchildren with high levels of overweight and obesity, and a low level of physical activity and physical fitness. However, there is little evidence that compares the nutritional status, physical activity, and physical fitness between participating and non-participating schoolchildren in mainstream education. Objective: To analyze differences in nutritional status, physical condition, and school performance among schoolchildren from the third to fifth grade participating and non-participating in mainstream education of a public educational establishment in the province of Biobío, Chile. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study. A convenience sample of 107 schoolchildren was analyzed. Nutritional status and physical fitness were measured. In addition, to measure school performance, the grade point averages of language and mathematics were obtained. Results: A prevalence of overweight and obesity slightly higher than national reference values was reported. There were no significant differences between the nutritional status, physical condition, and school performance for the participating and non-participating schoolchildren in mainstream education. Additionally, the schoolchildren with the highest body mass index had a lower grade point average in language and communication. Conclusions: The similarity in the levels of nutritional status, physical fitness, and school performance, as well as the prevalence of overweight and obesity associated with low school performance, should be considered when designing and implementing program to promote physical activity in schoolchildren

Asociación entre tiempo de uso de teléfono celular, nivel de actividad física y rendimiento académico en universitarios / Association between time spent on a cell phone, physical activity level, and academic performance in college students

Introducción: El aumento del uso de teléfono celular y la baja actividad física en universitarios se han asociado a un bajo rendimiento académico. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre tiempo de uso del teléfono celular, el nivel de actividad física y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de alcance correlacional y temporalidad longitudinal. Participaron 36 estudiantes universitarios, a quienes se evaluó durante un semestre, el tiempo que destinaron al uso de teléfono celular, a través de la aplicación "Moment" y la actividad física mediante la aplicación "Pacer". Se registró el rendimiento académico con el promedio de notas. Resultados: Durante el semestre, los hombres realizaron mayor actividad física y utilizaron por mayor tiempo el teléfono. En periodos de evaluación, las mujeres tuvieron mayor actividad física y menor uso del teléfono celular (p=0,019 y p=0,033, respectivamente). Además, los hombres que tuvieron mejores notas promedio hacían un menor número de pickups diarios (p=0,032). Conclusiones: Los hombres universitarios son físicamente más activos y usan más el celular durante el semestre, aunque en periodo de evaluaciones las mujeres tienden a ser más activas y usar menos tiempo su celular. Los universitarios que usan menos el teléfono celular tienen mejor rendimiento académico.

Introduction: Low academic performance of college students has been associated with an increase in time spent on cell phones and a low physical activity. Objective: To analyze the relationship between time spent on cell phones, physical activity level, and academic performance in college students. Materials and methods: A study with a correlational and longitudinal temporality approach. During a semester, 36 college students were assessed on the time they spent using cell phones and their physical activity levels through the Moment and Pacer applications, respectively. Academic performance was monitored through report cards. Results: Men engaged in more physical activity and used cell phones more frequently during the analyzed period, while women showed higher physical activity levels and lower cell phone usage during evaluation periods (p=0.019 y p=0.033, respectively). Also, men who had better grade averages showed lower number of daily pickups (p=0.032). Conclusions: College men show higher physical activity levels and longer cell phone usage during the semester, while women tend to be more active and use their cell phones less frequently during evaluation periods. College students who use cell phones less regularly also have a better academic performance.

Actividad física durante una jornada escolar con y sin clase de educación física y salud en estudiantes chilenos

Sepúlveda Martin, S., Martínez González, L., Cigarroa, I., y Zapata Lamana, R.E. (2022). Actividad física durante una jornada escolar con y sin clase de educación física y salud en estudiantes chilenos. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(1), 1-18. Los altos índices de obesidad y el aumento del tiempo sedentario en los escolares tienen consecuencias directas en la prevalencia de enfermedades no transmisibles en edad adulta. El entorno escolar es una oportunidad para combatir estos factores de riesgo y la importancia de la clase de educación física es relevante. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el nivel de actividad física, gasto energético y tiempo sedentario entre una jornada con y sin clases de educación física en niños y niñas de primer ciclo básico. Es un estudio no experimental, analítico transversal con una muestra intencionada de 46 escolares de primer ciclo básico. Se midió índice de masa corporal (IMC), actividad física, gasto energético y tiempo sedentario con acelerometría en jornada escolar con y sin clase de educación física. Se utilizó la prueba no paramétrica de Wilcoxon para determinar diferencias entre las jornadas escolares (p < .05). Los resultados muestran que, durante la jornada con clases de educación física, los escolares presentaron un nivel de actividad física moderada (3.03 MET) y, en la jornada sin clases de educación física, un nivel ligero (2.32 MET). Los estudiantes en la jornada escolar con educación física tuvieron mayores niveles de actividad física moderada (Z = -4.430; p < .0001), vigorosa (Z = -5.403; p < .0001), muy vigorosa (Z = -3.940; p < .0001) y disminuyeron el tiempo sedentario (Z = -4.149; p < .0001) con respecto a la jornada sin clase de educación física. Se concluye que aun cuando durante la jornada con educación física, los escolares tienen mayor actividad física, mayor gasto energético y menor tiempo sedentario, este rendimiento resulta insuficiente de acuerdo con las recomendaciones internacionales para la salud.

Sepúlveda Martin, S., Martínez González, L., Cigarroa, I., & Zapata Lamana, R.E. (2022). Physical activity indicators during a school day with and without physical education class and health among chilean students. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(1), 1-18. High obesity rates and the increase in sedentary time among schoolchildren have direct consequences on the prevalence of non-communicable diseases in adulthood. The school environment is an opportunity to deal with these risk factors, and the importance of physical education classes is critical. The object of this study was to compare the level of physical activity, energy expenditure and sedentary time between a day with physical education class and one without, among first- to third-grade children. This is a non-experimental, analytic, cross-cutting study with a deliberate sample of 46 schoolchildren. Body Mass Index (BMI), physical activity, energy expenditure and sedentary time were measured with accelerometry on school days with and without physical education class. Wilcoxon's non-parametric test was used to determine differences between school days (p < .05). The results show that schoolchildren had a moderate level of physical activity (3.03 MET) during a day with physical education class, and a light level (2.32 MET) during a school day without physical education class. Students in a school day with physical education class had higher levels of moderate ( Z = -4.430; p < .0001), energetic (Z = -5.403; p < .0001) and highly energetic (Z = -3.940; p < .0001) physical activity, and their sedentary time was lower ( Z = -4.149; p < .0001) as compared to a day without physical education time. The conclusion is that, even though schoolchildren have higher physical activity, higher energy expenditure and lower sedentary time during a day with physical education class, this performance proves insufficient as compared to international recommendations for health.

Sepúlveda Martin, S., Martínez González, L., Cigarroa, I., e Zapata Lamana, R.E. (2022). Atividade física durante um dia letivo com e sem aula de educação física e saúde em estudantes chilenos. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(1), 1-18. As altas taxas de obesidade e o aumento do tempo sedentário em estudantes têm consequências diretas sobre a prevalência de doenças não transmissíveis na idade adulta. O ambiente escolar é uma oportunidade de combater esses fatores de risco e a importância da aula de educação física é relevante. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar o nível de atividade física, gasto energético e tempo sedentário entre um dia letivo com e sem aulas de educação física em crianças do primeiro ciclo da educação fundamental. Trata-se de um estudo não experimental, analítico transversal com amostra intencional de 46 estudantes do primeiro ciclo da educação fundamental. O índice de massa corporal (IMC), a atividade física, o gasto energético e o tempo sedentário foram medidos com a acelerometria no dia letivo com e sem aula de educação física. O teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon foi utilizado para determinar diferenças entre os dias letivos (p < 0,05). Os resultados mostram que, durante o dia com aulas de educação física, os escolares apresentaram nível moderado de atividade física (3,03 MET) e, no dia sem aulas de educação física, nível leve (2,32 MET). Os alunos no dia letivo com educação física apresentaram níveis mais elevados de atividade física moderada (Z = -4,430; p < 0,0001), vigorosa (Z = -5,403; p < 0,0001), muito vigorosa (Z = -3,940; p < 0,0001) e diminuição do tempo sedentário (Z = -4,149; p < 0,0001) em relação ao dia letivo sem aula de educação física. Conclui-se que, embora durante o dia letivo com educação física os escolares tenham maior atividade física, maior gasto energético e menos tempo sedentário, esse desempenho é insuficiente de acordo com as recomendações internacionais para a saúde.

Factores socio demográficos y de estilos de vida asociados a un bajo nivel de actividad física durante el confinamiento producto del COVID-19 en adultos latinoamericanos

Background: The confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic changed the lifestyles of the population affecting their levels of physical activity. Aim: To determine the factors associated with a low level of physical activity in adults during confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: Adults from Chile, Colombia, México and Perú were invited through social networks to answer an online survey. Questions about sociodemographic, health status and lifestyle variables were included. The level of physical activity and sedentary behavior were determined through the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results: The survey was answered by 3,362 adults aged between 18 and 60 years. Respondents more likely to be inactive were women, those with less than eight years of education, those with overweight or obesity, those who smoked at least one cigarette a day, consumed alcohol four or more times a week, slept less than six hours per day and spent more than 6 hours per day in sedentary behaviors. Conclusions: These findings provide a sociodemographic and lifestyle profile associated with physical inactivity during the period of confinement in Latin American adults. The results confirm the need to promote healthy lifestyles in the population during periods of confinement.

Comportamiento de la actividad física durante la pandemia por COVID-19 y su asociación con el bienestar subjetivo y salud mental en estudiantes universitarios en Chile / Behavior of physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with subjective well-being and mental health in university students in Chile

Resumen Antecedentes La pandemia por COVID-19 ha impactado en la actividad física y salud psicológica de estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo Analizar el comportamiento de la actividad física durante la pandemia por COVID-19 y su asociación con el bienestar subjetivo y salud mental en estudiantes universitarios en Chile. Método Estudio transversal en una muestra de 469 estudiantes de diferentes universidades de Chile (67,4% mujeres, M= 21,7 DT= 2,45 años). Se midió el comportamiento de la actividad física, bienestar subjetivo y salud mental. Resultados Los estudiantes que mantuvieron un comportamiento físicamente activo antes y durante la pandemia presentaron mayor bienestar subjetivo (hombres: p = 0,020; y mujeres p <0,0001) que quienes se mantuvieron físicamente inactivos antes y durante la pandemia (mujeres M= 4,84, DE= 1,64; hombres M= 4,46, DT= 1,27). Las mujeres que se volvieron físicamente inactivas durante la pandemia tuvieron menos experiencias afectivas negativas que mujeres que eran inactivas antes de la pandemia ( F (3,293)=3,118; p =0,026). La sintomatología de salud mental se reportó con menor frecuencia en estudiantes físicamente activos que inactivos. Conclusión Estudiantes que se mantuvieron físicamente activos antes y durante la pandemia mostraron mejores indicadores de bienestar subjetivo y salud mental que quienes se mantuvieron físicamente inactivos o pasaron a ser físicamente inactivos durante la pandemia. La actividad física debe promoverse en la educación superior, debido a su potencial efecto protector en el manejo de consecuencias psicológicas durante una crisis pandémica.

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted on the physical activity and psychological health of university students. Objective To analyze the physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with subjective well-being and mental health in university students in Chile. Method Cross-sectional study in a sample of 469 students from different Chilean universities (67.4% women, M = 21.7 SD = 2.45 years). The physical activity, subjective well-being and mental health was measured. Results Students who maintained a physically active behavior before and during the pandemic presented higher subjective well-being (men: p = 0.020; and women p <0.0001) than those who were physically inactive before and during the pandemic (women M = 4 , 84, SD = 1.64; men M = 4.46, SD = 1.27). Women who became physically inactive during the pandemic had fewer negative affective experiences than women who were inactive before the pandemic (F (3,293) = 3.118, p = 0.026). Mental health symptoms were reported less frequently in physically active than inactive students. Conclusion Students who were physically active before and during the pandemic showed better indicators of subjective well-being and mental health than those who were physically inactive or became physically inactive during the pandemic. Physical activity should be promoted in higher education, due to its potential protective effect in managing psychological consequences during a pandemic crisis.

Ejercicio y educación mejoran equilibrio y la calidad de vida en mujeres con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo / Exercise and education improve balance and quality of life in women with stress urinary incontinence

Introducción: La incontinencia urinaria por esfuerzo (IUE) tiene una alta prevalencia en mujeres adultas, afectando variables psicológicas, sociales y funcionales como la disminución de capacidad de equilibrio, debido a una escasa contribución en los movimientos del tronco hacia una corrección postural. Objetivo: Determinar los efectos de un programa basado en ejercicio muscular de piso pélvico y educación sobre el equilibrio estático y la calidad de vida en mujeres con IUE. Materiales y métodos: Participaron 18 mujeres con IUE durante 12 semanas en 10 sesiones de ejercicio muscular de piso pélvico y educación (hábitos de higiene, micción, ingesta de líquidos). Pre y post-intervención se evaluó equilibrio estático mediante oscilografía postural y calidad de vida mediante el International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form (ICQ-SF). Los datos fueron analizados con la prueba no paramétrica de Wilcoxon. Resultados: Se encontró una disminución significativa en el área de desplazamiento del centro de presión en el subtest ojos abiertos (p=0,027) y en el Subtest ojos cerrados (p=0,006). Disminuyó la sintomatología asociada a IUE (p=0,0001). Conclusiones: Pos-intervención mejora equilibrio estático y calidad de vida, confirmando los efectos positivos de este programa que pueden servir de orientación a profesionales de la salud que trabajan con mujeres con IUE.

Introduction: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) has high prevalence in adult women, affecting psychological, social and functional variables, including decreased balance capacity, due to a lack of trunk movements that contribute to postural correction. Objective: To determine how a program based on pelvic floor muscle exercises and education affects static balance and quality of life of women with SUI. Materials and methods: 18 SUI female patients participated in a 12 week/10 sessions program that included pelvic floor muscle exercises and education (hygiene habits, urination, fluid intake). Static balance and quality of life were assessed before and after the intervention using postural oscillography and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form(ICQ-SF), respectively. Data were analyzed with the non-parametric Wilcoxon test. Results: The displacement area of the center of pressure in the open (p=0.027) and closed (p=0.006) subtests showed a significant reduction. Likewise, the amount of symptoms associated with SUI decreased (p=0.0001). Conclusions: Intervention improves static balance and quality of life, confirming the positive effects of this program, which can serve as a guide for health professionals who work with women with SUI.

Efectos en la capacidad funcional de un programa de ejercicio físico terapéutico basado en telesalud en personas con diagnóstico de osteoartritis de rodilla y cadera / Effects of a telehealth-based physical exercise program on functional capacity in patients with osteoarthritis

BACKGROUND: Telehealth is a novel therapeutic alternative. Aim: To determine the effects of a remote therapeutic physical exercise program (TPEP), based on telehealth, on functional physical capacity in people with knee or hip osteoarthritis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An eight-week TPEP was undertaken by 36 participants with a mean age of 68 years. The control group received printed exercise instructions, while the experimental group received the same instructions plus TPEP using tutorial videos and voice messaging via WhatsApp. Both groups were evaluated at baseline and the end of the intervention with the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Barthel index (BI), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), senior fitness test and with the Visual Analog Scale for pain (VAS). RESULTS: The experimental group decreased the VAS score and improved tandem balance, three-meter walk, sit and stand 5 times, sit and stand in 30 seconds, push-ups in 30 seconds, two minutes' walk, join the right hand behind the back and SPPB general score. The control group increased the BI score and improved the three meters walking test, sitting, and standing 5 times, sit and stand 30 seconds chair test, 2 minutes walking test and the SPPB general score. No differences between groups were observed for the LEFS scale, BI, VAS and functional capacity. CONCLUSIONS: A TPEP based on telehealth has similar effectiveness than a TPEP based on traditional paper-based intervention to improve functional physical capacity in patients with OA. (Rev Med Chile 2022; 150: 33-45)

Reemplazo de silla por balón de estabilidad mejora fuerza muscular y calidad de vida en trabajadores de oficina: Estudio piloto / Chair Replacement by Stability Ball Improves Muscle Strength and Quality of Life in Office Workers: Pilot Study

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar si el reemplazo parcial de silla de oficina por un balón de estabilidad aumenta la fuerza-resistencia de musculatura extensora de tronco y equilibrio estático, así como mejora la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en adultos que realizan trabajo de oficina. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de diseño preexperimental pre-post sin grupo control. La muestra fue intencionada, de 18 trabajadores de oficina entre 25 y 55 años. Durante 8 semanas se realizó un reemplazo parcial y progresivo de una silla de oficina por un balón de estabilidad durante las horas de trabajo. Pre y post al reemplazo se evaluó la fuerza-resistencia de la musculatura extensora de tronco mediante el test clínico Biering Sorensen, el equilibrio estático mediante oscilografía postural y la calidad de vida con el cuestionario de percepción de calidad de vida relacionado con la salud SF-36. Resultados: Se observó una mayor fuerza-resistencia muscular (p=0,003), y un mejor puntaje en las dimensiones rol físico (p=0,041), dolor corporal (p=0,017), salud general (p=0,027), función social (p=0,017), rol emocional (p=0,043) y salud mental (p=0,036). Conclusiones: El reemplazo parcial y progresivo de la silla de oficina por un balón de estabilidad durante 8 semanas aumentó la fuerza-resistencia de la musculatura extensora de tronco y mejoró la percepción de calidad de vida en trabajadores de oficina.

ABSTRACT Aim: To determine if the partial replacement of the office chair with a stability ball increases the strength-resistance of the trunk extensor muscles and static balance, as well as improves the health-related quality of life in office workers. Materials and methods: Pre-post experimental design study without control group. Intentional sample of 18 office workers between 25 and 55 years old. For 8 weeks, a partial and progressive replacement of an oice chair with a stability ball was performed during working hours. Before and after replacement, the strength-resistance of the trunk extensor muscles was evaluated using the Biering Sorensen clinical test, static balance was measured using postural oscillography and quality of life was evaluated with the quality of life perception questionnaire related to health SF-36. Results: Greater muscular strength-endurance (p = 0.003), and a better score in the dimensions of physical role (p = 0.041), body pain (p = 0.017), general health (p = 0.027), social function ( p = 0.017), emotional role (p = 0.043) and mental health (p = 0.036) were observed. Conclusions: The partial and progressive replacement of the office chair by a stability ball for 8 weeks increased the strength-resistance of the trunk extensor muscles and improved the perception of quality of life in office workers.

Efectos de un programa de ejercicio multicomponente en personas mayores que viven en comunidad / Effects of a multicomponent exercise program in older people living in the community

RESUMEN Fundamento: una intervención basada en ejercicio multicomponente favorecería la funcionalidad. Sin embargo, son escasos los estudios locales, en Chile, que los han utilizado. Objetivo determinar los efectos del ejercicio multicomponente en la disminución del riesgo de caída y riesgo de deterioro cognitivo, la mejora del equilibrio, fuerza muscular, capacidad funcional y calidad de vida en personas mayores que viven en comunidad. Métodos: estudio preexperimental pre-post sin grupo control. La muestra fue intencionada (n=17; 47,1 % mujeres; 70 años de mediana). Se aplicó un plan de ejercicio multicomponente durante nueve semanas. Pre y post ejercicio se evaluó equilibrio dinámico con el test Timed Up and Go, equilibrio estático con un oscilógrafo postural y la prueba de Estación Unipodal, fuerza muscular con el test de Sentarse y Levantarse, capacidad funcional con el test de Marcha 6 Minutos, calidad de vida con el Cuestionario SF-36 y sospecha de deterioro cognitivo con el Mini Mental State. Para determinar diferencias pre-post ejercicio se aplicó la prueba de Wilcoxon. Resultados: después de los ejercicios se observó un mejor rendimiento en las pruebas: Timed Up and Go (p=0,004), Estación Unipodal (p=0,023 pierna derecha, p=0,005 pierna izquierda), Sentarse y Levantarse (p=0,014), Marcha de 6 Minutos (p=0,006) y en el Cuestionario SF-36: dolor corporal (p=0,003), salud mental (p=0,000) y puntaje total (p=0,002). Conclusiones: un programa de ejercicio multicomponente de nueve semanas logró disminuir el riesgo de caídas, mejorar equilibrio, fuerza muscular, capacidad funcional y calidad de vida de personas mayores que viven en comunidad.

ABSTRACT Background: a multicomponent exercise-based intervention would favor functionality. However, there are few local studies, in Chile, that have used them. Objective to determine the effects of multicomponent exercise in reducing the falling and cognitive deterioration risks, improving balance, muscle strength, functional capacity and life quality in elderly people living in the community. Methods: pre-post experimental study without control group. The sample was intentional (n = 17; 47.1% women; median 70 years old). A multicomponent exercise plan was applied for nine weeks. Pre and post exercise, dynamic balance was evaluated with the Timed Up and Go test, static balance with a postural oscillograph and the Unipodal Station test, muscle strength with the Sit and Stand test, functional capacity with the 6 Minute Walk test, quality life with the SF-36 Questionnaire and suspected cognitive impairment with the Mini Mental State. To determine pre-post exercise differences, the Wilcoxon test was applied. Results: after the exercises, a better performance was observed in the tests: Timed Up and Go (p = 0.004), Unipodal Station (p = 0.023 right leg, p = 0.005 left leg), Sitting and Getting up (p = 0.014), 6-Minute Walk (p = 0.006) and in the SF-36 Questionnaire: body pain (p = 0.003), mental health (p = 0.000) and total score (p = 0.002). Conclusions: a nine-week multicomponent exercise program was able to reduce the risk of falls, improve balance, muscle strength, functional capacity and quality of life in older people living in the community.

Características metodológicas en el estudio del compromiso hacia la práctica de actividad física y ejercicio en población general: una revisión sistemática / Methodological characteristics of studying commitment to the practice of physical activity and exercise in the general population: a systematic review

Resumen Zapata Lamana, R., Fuentes Figueroa, V., Reyes Molina, D., Geisse Zárate, A. E. y Cigarroa, I. (2021). Características metodológicas en el estudio del compromiso hacia la práctica de actividad física y ejercicio en población general: una revisión sistemática. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(1), 1-23. Aunque la literatura sobre el compromiso deportivo en población deportista es extensa, se requiere profundizar sobre el compromiso hacia la práctica de actividad y ejercicio físicos en la población general. El objetivo del estudio fue sintetizar las características metodológicas de los artículos que han estudiado el compromiso hacia la práctica de actividad y ejercicio físicos en la población general. Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática siguiendo la declaración PRISMA. Se realizaron búsquedas electrónicas en las bases de datos PsycINFO y Medline desde 2009 al 2019. Un total de 14 artículos fueron elegidos, principalmente con diseños transversales. La población más estudiada fue de estudiantes universitarias mujeres, sin condición clínica. Todos los instrumentos utilizados para evaluar el compromiso hacia la actividad física y ejercicio estaban escritos en inglés, en su mayoría aplicados en Estados Unidos. Utilizaban una escala Likert con alta fiabilidad. Las principales variables asociadas a la evaluación del compromiso fueron la edad, género, origen étnico, nivel educativo y económico, nivel de actividad física, comportamiento, patologías alimentarias e índice de masa corporal y variables sociocognitivas, como autoeficacia, apoyo social, barreras y beneficios percibidos para la realización de la actividad física. Esta revisión entrega un perfil de la población en quien se evalúa el compromiso hacia la actividad física y ejercicio, los instrumentos utilizados y variables asociadas, lo que actualiza el conocimiento existente sobre el compromiso hacia la actividad física y ejercicio en la población general.

Abstract Zapata Lamana, R., Fuentes Figueroa, V., Reyes Molina, D., Geisse Zárate, A. E. & Cigarroa, I. (2021). Methodological characteristics of studying commitment to the practice of physical activity and exercise in the general population: a systematic review. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(1), 1-23. Although the literature on sports commitment within the sports population is extensive, in-depth studies of the commitment to the practice of physical activity and exercise in the general population are needed. The aim of this paper was to synthesize the methodological characteristics of articles that have studied the commitment to the practice of physical activity and exercise in the general population. A systematic review was developed following the PRISMA statement. Furthermore, electronic searches were conducted in the PsycINFO and Medline databases from 2009 to 2019. A total of 14 articles was selected, mainly with cross-sectional designs. The most studied population included female university students with no clinical condition. All instruments used to assess commitment to physical activity and exercise were written in English, mostly applied in the United States, and used a Likert scale with high reliability. The main variables associated with the evaluation of commitment were age, gender, ethnic origin, educational and economic level, level of physical activity, behavior, eating disorders, and body mass index, as well as sociocognitive variables such as self-efficacy, social support, and perceived barriers and benefits of physical activity. This review provides a profile of the population in which the commitment to physical activity and exercise is evaluated, the instruments used, and associated variables, which updates the existing knowledge about the commitment to physical activity and exercise in the general population.

Resumo Zapata Lamana, R., Fuentes Figueroa, V., Reyes Molina, D., Geisse Zárate, A. E. e Cigarroa, I. (2021). Características metodológicas no estudo do comprometimento com relação à prática de atividade física e exercício na população em geral: uma revisão sistemática. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(1), 1-23. Embora a literatura sobre o comprometimento esportivo na população esportista seja extensa, é preciso uma perscrutação sobre o comprometimento na prática de atividade e exercício físicos na população em geral. O estudo teve como objetivo sintetizar as características metodológicas dos artigos que estudaram o comprometimento na prática de atividade e exercício físicos na população em geral. Foi desenvolvida uma revisão sistemática seguindo a declaração PRISMA. Foram realizadas buscas eletrônicas nas bases de dados PsycINFO e Medline de 2009 a 2019. Um total de 14 artigos foram eleitos, principalmente com desenhos transversais. A população mais estudada foi a de estudantes universitárias mulheres, sem condição clínica. Todos os instrumentos utilizados para avaliar o comprometimento com relação à atividade física e ao exercício estavam escritos em inglês, em sua maioria aplicados nos Estados Unidos. Utilizavam uma escala Likert de alta fiabilidade. As principais variáveis associadas à avaliação do comprometimento foram a idade, o gênero, a origem étnica, o nível educativo e económico, o nível de atividade física, o comportamento, as patologias alimentarias e o índice de massa corporal e variáveis sociocognitivas, como autoeficácia, apoio social, barreiras e benefícios percebidos para a realização da atividade física. Esta revisão mostra um perfil da população na qual se avalia o comprometimento com relação à atividade física e ao exercício, os instrumentos utilizados e as variáveis associadas, o que atualiza o conhecimento existente sobre o comprometimento com relação à atividade física e ao exercício na população em geral.

Análisis bibliométrico de las tesis de pregrado: caso de carrera de Kinesiología en una universidad chilena / Bibliometric Analysis of Undergraduate Theses: A Chilean University's Physiotherapy Case

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las características metodológicas y de investigación, los antecedentes del sujeto de estudio y de las evaluaciones e intervenciones de las tesis de pregrado de la carrera de kinesiología en una universidad chilena durante los años 2010 - 2018. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron 91 tesis; para su análisis se utilizó un instrumento validado que se organizó en tres grandes categorías: a) características metodológicas y de investigación, b) antecedentes del sujeto de estudio y c) antecedentes de las evaluaciones e intervenciones, y se registró un total de 38 ítems. Resultados: Se reportó que las tesis mayoritariamente las realizan dos estudiantes tesis-tas, en conjunto con un guía con grado licenciado, presentan un alcance descriptivo, diseño no experimental, temporalidad transversal, con muestras pequeñas, no probabilísticas, por conveniencia, utilizando cuestionarios y/o encuestas para medir parámetros de actividad y condición físicas principalmente en las áreas respiratoria y traumatológica. Las tesis cumplen con la estructura de un reporte científico, aun cuando un gran porcentaje de ellas tiene referencias poco actualizadas y no incluyen datos de aprobación del comité de ética. Los sujetos de estudio principalmente eran jóvenes y adultos pertenecientes a centros educativos de enseñanza básica, media, universitaria o a una red de atención de salud pública que presentaban algún diagnóstico médico de enfermedad cardiometabólica. Conclusión: Este estudio reveló información valiosa respecto a cómo se ha llevado a cabo la formación investigativa de esta carrera de la salud, identificó áreas de conocimiento, poblaciones y condiciones de salud poco exploradas y los tratamientos usados frecuentemente.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the methodological and research characteristics, records of the participants, and the evaluations and interventions of undergraduate theses of students in the Physiotherapy program in a Chilean university between 2010-2018. Materials and methodology: 91 theses were analyzed, using a validated instrument organized in three categories: methodological and research characteristics, records of the participants, and records of the evaluations and interventions. The said instrument consisted of a total of 38 items. Results: We reported that most theses were written by two candidates each and a thesis advisor with a bachelor's degree. The theses have a descriptive scope, a non-experimental design, and a cross-sectional design with small non-probabilistic purposeful samples. Moreover, the instruments used in the theses are mainly questionnaires and surveys to measure physical condition and activity parameters, mainly in respiratory and orthopedic areas. The theses follow the structure of a scientific report, even when a big percentage of them present outdated references and do not include data regarding approval from the ethics committee. The participants in the studies were mainly young people and adults who belonged to different elementary schools, secondary schools, and universities or people who presented cardiometabolic disease and belonged to a public health establishment. Conclusion: The study revealed important information regarding how research training in the program has been carried out, identifying areas for growth, and barely explored populations and health conditions, as well as frequently used treatments

Hábitos alimentarios y rendimiento académico en escolares chilenos de quinto a octavo año básico

RESUMEN Introducción: Los hábitos alimentarios en escolares se han relacionado con las habilidades cognitivas y el rendimiento académico. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre hábitos alimentarios y rendimiento académico en escolares chilenos. Métodos: Estudio transversal en 733 escolares de quinto al octavo básico. Se evaluaron hábitos alimentarios mediante frecuencia de consumo de grupos de alimentos, tiempos de comida, habilidades culinarias y gusto por preparar alimentos. Estas variables se relacionaron con calificaciones de las asignaturas de matemática y lenguaje. Resultados: Los escolares presentaron baja proporción de frecuencia de consumo saludable (FCS). Las niñas presentaron mayor FCS de pan (p<0,001), los niños presentaron mayor FCS de lácteos (p= 0,016). Por sexo, se observó diferencia en el rendimiento académico en lenguaje (p= 0,013). La FCS de lácteos se asoció con diferencias del rendimiento académico en lenguaje (p= 0,017) y matemática (p= 0,035). Desayunar se asoció a diferencias en el rendimiento académico en matemática (p= 0,028) y lenguaje (p= 0,001). No consumir pasteles y masas dulces (p= 0,016), y papas fritas, completos y masas fritas (p= 0,025) se asoció al rendimiento académico en matemática. Un 29,1% tiene habilidades culinarias, siendo 54% niñas (p= 0,006). La presencia de habilidades culinarias se relacionó significativamente con 7 de los 12 grupos de alimentos analizados. Conclusión: Los hábitos alimentarios se asociaron con el rendimiento académico de escolares.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Eating habits in school-age children have been associated with cognitive skills and academic performance. Aim: To determine the relationship between eating habits and academic performance in Chilean school-age children. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 733 school-age children. Eating habits were assessed by the frequency of consumption of food groups, mealtimes, cooking skills and if they liked to cook. Grades of math and language subjects were reported. Results: There was a low proportion of healthy consumption frequency (HCF). Girls had a higher HCF of bread (p<0.001), boys had a higher HCF of dairy (p= 0.016). By sex, academic performance in language was different in girls (p= 0.013). HCF of dairy was associated with academic performance in language (p= 0.017) and mathematics (p= 0.035). Eating breakfast was associated with academic performance in mathematics (p= 0.028) and language (p= 0.001). Not consuming cakes and sweet doughs (p= 0.016), French fries, hot dogs and sopaipillas (p= 0.025) was associated with academic performance in mathematics. 29.1% of children had cooking skills, 54.0% being girls (p= 0.006). Having cooking skills was significantly associated with 7 of the 12 food groups analyzed. Conclusion: Eating habits are associated to the academic performance of Chilean school-age children.

Factores asociados a una baja calidad de vida en adultos chilenos durante la cuarentena por COVID-19

Background: The quarantine and social distancing implemented during COVID 19 pandemic may hamper the quality of life of the population. Aim: To determine the factors associated with a low quality of life during COVID 19 quarantine in Chilean adults. Material and Methods: The SF-36 survey about quality of life was answered by 1,082 Chilean adults aged between 18 and 60 years, who were quarantined by the COVID-19 health alert. Other variables studied were sociodemographic background, nutritional status, lifestyles, level of physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep hours. Risk factors associated with low quality of life were identified by logistic regression analysis for each of the 8 dimensions evaluated in the SF-36 questionnaire. Results: The factors that increased the probability of having a lower general health perception were being female (Odds ratio (OR) = 1.29; p = 0.05), being physically inactive (OR = 2.76 p < 0.01), unhealthy hours of sleep (OR = 1.58, p < 0.01), smoking (OR = 1.59, p < 0.01) and eating junk food (OR = 2.26; p < 0.01). For the other dimensions of quality of life, the most frequently repeated factors were being female, junk food consumption, and being physically inactive and sedentary. Conclusions: There are factors associated with a low quality of life during the quarantine of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Chilean population. Their identification could reinforce remedial actions at the government level to benefit the health of the population during this health emergency.

Estado nutricional, condición física, rendimiento escolar, nivel de ansiedad y hábitos de salud en estudiantes de primaria de la provincia del Bio Bío (Chile): Estudio transversal / Nutritional status, fitness, school performance, anxiety level and health habits in primary school in the Bio Bío province of Chile: A cross-sectional study

RESUMEN En los últimos años, la obesidad ha aumentado y ello se ha asociado a una disminución de la condición física, problemas psicológicos y un bajo rendimiento escolar. El objetivo fue describir el estado nutricional, la condición física, el rendimiento escolar, el nivel de ansiedad y los hábitos de salud en escolares de enseñanza básica (6-7 años), y evaluar las diferencias entre sobrepesos/obesos y normo-pesos. Se realizaron dos estudios (n= 276) en escolares de 1° y 2° año básico. En ambos estudios, se obtuvieron parámetros antropométricos, de condición física y de rendimiento académico. Adicionalmente, en el 1° estudio se midió el perímetro de cintura (PC) y en el 2° hábitos de salud y sintomatología ansiosa. Niños y niñas presentaron altos niveles de sobrepeso y obesidad. Quienes poseían mayores niveles de IMC/edad tenían peor condición física, dedicaron menos horas semanales a actividad física sistemática y comían más alimentos no saludables. No hubo diferencias en rendimiento académico. Las niñas con sobrepeso/obesidad presentaron menores niveles de ansiedad que las con normopeso. Si bien estos resultados revelan el actual estado nutricional, condición física, académica y mental de una muestra de escolares de enseñanza básica, se necesitan más estudios para confirmar el alto grado de obesidad y sobrepeso detectado.

ABSTRACT In recent years, obesity has increased and its presence has been associated with poor physical condition, psychological problems and poor school performance. The aim of this study was to describe nutritional status, physical condition, school performance, anxiety level, and health habits in primary schoolchildren (6-7 years old). We also determined differences among overweight/obese and normal weight groups. Two studies were conducted among 1st and 2nd graders (n=276). In both studies we measured: anthropometry, physical fitness, and academic performance. In addition, in the first study, waist circumference was measured and, in the 2nd study, health habits and anxiety symptoms were obtained. Boys and girls had high levels of overweight and obesity. Those who had higher levels of BMI/age had worse physical fitness, spent less hours per week in scheduled physical activity, ate more unhealthy foods. There were no differences in academic performance. Overweight/obese girls had lower anxiety symptoms than normal weight girls. While these results shed light on current nutritional status, physical, academic and mental condition of a sample of primary school children, further studies are needed to confirm the elevated levels of obesity and overweight detected.

Diferencias de composición corporal y condición fisica en educadoras de párvulo con normopeso, sobrepeso y obesidad: estudio transversal / Diffences of body max index, body composition, and fitness in normo weight, overweight and obese kindergarten teachers: cross-sectional study

Objective: To describe body mass index (BMI), body composition, basal metabolic rate, physical condition and the relation-ship between them in Chilean kindergarten teachers. Subjects and Methods: 46 teachers (age 39,5 ± 8,6) from the Bio Bio province(Chile) were weighed and heighted and BMI was measured. In addition, fat mass, lean and bone percentages, basal metabolic rate, muscular strength and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured. Results: The teachers had an average BMI of overweight (26,7 ± 3,5) and a high fat percentage (35,1 ± 5,9) according to national reference values. 58,7%were overweight and moderately obese. When teachers were compared according BMI, teachers with obesity had on average a higher percentage of fat mass (P =,000), less lean mass (P = ,000), took more time to complete the UKK test (P = ,035 ) and had a lower vo2max (P = ,001) than normal weight teachers. BMI had a negative association in relation to scores of the physical performance test. Conclusions: The overweight/obese teachers had more fat mass, reduced muscle mass and had worse results on fitness tests. Condition worrying thinking about the important role in modeling healthy habits to preschoolers.

Objetivo: Describir el índice de masa corporal (IMC), composición corporal, la tasa metabólica basal, condición física y su relación en educadoras de párvulos chilenas. Sujetos y Métodos: 46 educadoras (edad 39,5±8,6) de la provincia de Bio-Bio (Chile) se pesaron, midieron y se obtuvo su IMC. Se midió el porcentaje de masa grasa, magra, ósea, tasa metabólica basal, fuerza explosiva y capacidad cardiorrespiratoria. Resultados: Las educadoras tuvieron un IMC promedio de sobrepeso (26,7±3,5) y un elevado porcentaje de grasa (35,1±5,9) de acuerdo a referencias nacionales. El 58,7% de ellas presentó sobrepeso y obesidad moderada. Cuando se comparó por IMC, las educadoras con obesidad presentaron en promedio un mayor porcentaje de masa grasa (P =,000), menor de masa magra (P =,000), demoraron más tiempo en terminar el UKK test (P =,035) y tuvieron un menor vo2max (P =,001) en comparación a las educadoras con normopeso. El IMC se asoció negativamente a los test de rendimiento físico. Conclusión: Las maestras con sobrepeso/obesidad presentaron más masa grasa, menos masa muscular y peores resultados en las pruebas de condición física. Condición preocupante pensando en su importante rol modelando hábitos de vida saludables en los prescolares.

Efectos de un programa de ejercicio de fuerza-resistencia muscular en la capacidad funcional, fuerza y calidad de vida de adultos con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis / Effects of a resistance training program in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis

Background: Exercise may be a therapeutic tool for improving the functional capacity in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who are on hemodialysis (HD). Aim: To determine the effects on muscle strength (MS), functional capacity (FC) and quality of life related to health (QOLRH) of a resistance training program in patients with CKD on HD. Patients and Methods: Thirteen CKD patients aged 38.8 ± 3 years, (7 men) on HD for more than one year participated in an exercise program twice a week during 8 weeks. At the beginning and at the end of the program, MS using a knee extension isometric strength test, FC using the six minutes walking test (6MWT) and QOLRH using the KDQOL CV-36 questionnaire were evaluated. Heart and respiratory rates, blood pressure, oxygen saturation and modified Borg scale were measured as control variables. Results: After training, there were significant improvements in MS in both legs; in the distance travelled during 6MWT and in the physical component summary score of the KDQOL-36. Furthermore, a significant decline in diastolic blood pressure was observed. All other control variables did not change significantly. Conclusions: Exercise training during eight weeks in CKD patients in HD resulted in significant improvements in muscle strength, walking capacity and in the physical component of a quality of life score for patients with CKD.

Efectos del sedentarismo y obesidad en el desarrollo psicomotor en niños y niñas: Una revisión de la actualidad latinoamericana / Effects of physical inactivity and obesity in psychomotor development in children: A review of Latin American news

Introducción: En 1995 la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró la obesidad como una enfermedad. Actualmente, se considera una epidemia en adultos y niños. Su presencia en edades tempranas es factor de riesgo de obesidad y riesgo coronario en la adultez. Los niños con sobrepeso y obesidad practican menos actividad física y más actividades sedentarias. Estos estilos de vida son tal vez los principales responsables de los limitados patrones motores que presentan. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión y compilación de los estudios actuales en Latinoamérica que hablen sobre la relación entre obesidad, sedentarismo y desarrollo psicomotor infantil. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó la búsqueda en Pubmed y Scielo. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron: desarrollo psicomotor, desarrollo motor, retraso en el desarrollo psicomotor, sobrepeso infantil, obesidad infantil, nutrición infantil. Resultados: Existe evidencia que apoya la relación entre sobrepeso/obesidad infantil y un bajo rendimiento en pruebas psicomotoras en estudios realizados en Latinoamérica. No se encontraron estudios de establezcan una relación positiva entre sobrepeso y obesidad y mejores puntajes en test psicomotrices. Conclusiones: Los resultados confirman el negativo impacto que tiene la malnutrición por exceso, en el desarrollo psicomotriz de niños y niñas. Aún cuando, una mayor cantidad de estudios experimentales son necesarios para confirmarlo.

Introduction: In 1995 the World Health Organization declared obesity as a disease. Currently, obesity is considered an epidemic in both adults and children. The presence of this disease at an early age is a risk factor for obesity and heart disease in adulthood. Increasingly, overweight and obese children practice less physical activity and they are more interested in sedentary activities. These lifestyles are perhaps the main cause of low performance in motor patterns. Objective: To conduct a review and compilation of current studies in Latin America to talk about the relationship between obesity, sedentary lifestyle and children's psychomotor development. Materials and methods: The search was conducted in Pubmed and Scielo. The keywords used were: psychomotor, motor development, delayed motor development, childhood overweight, childhood obesity and childhood nutrition. Results: There is evidence supporting the relationship between childhood overweight/obesity with poor performance in psychomotor tests in Latin America studies. No studies that establish a positive relationship between overweight and obesity with better psychomotor test scores were found. Conclusions: The results confirm the negative impact of malnutrition due to excess of food in children's psychomotor development. Although a greater number of experimental studies are needed to confirm this statement.

Reducción del riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres adultas mediante ejercicio físico de sobrecarga / Resistance exercise improves serum lipids in adult women

Background: Sedentariness is one of the main cardiovascular risk factors. Aerobic exercise can reduce the risk; however, resistance training seems to be more effective in reducing cardiovascular risk. Aim: To determine the metabolic effects of a 12 weeks resistance training program of high intensity and low volume in two groups of sedentary adult women. Material and methods: Forty women aged between 30 and 60 years were randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group. Four kinds of strength exercises, using their own body weight were chosen. Plasma lipid profile and body composition were measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Results: A reduction in total cholesterol and triacylglycerol and an increase in HDL cholesterol was observed in the experimental group after the training program. Conclusions: The high intensity and low volume training improved plasma lipid profile in this group of women.